CMS/TOTEM Collab.
Distribution of ln(ε) as a function of total momentum, for reconstructed charged particles in selected two-track events (identified π+π−, K+K−, pp, signal, and sideband; Section 5). The variable ε is the most probable energy loss rate at a reference path length ℓ0= 450 m. The colour scale is shown in arbitrary units and is linear. The curves show the expected ln(ε) for electrons, pions, kaons, and protons (Eq. (34.12) in Ref. [1]).